Australia

Prawn sperm secrets could free aquaculture from brood stock reliance

By RJ Whitehead

- Last updated on GMT

Prawn sperm secrets could free aquaculture from brood stock reliance

Related tags prawn

Discovering the secrets of how one of the world’s most popular prawn species produces sperm and transfers it to create the next generation could help free aquaculture from reliance on brood stock from the wild.

Michael Feng Tianyi, of the University of Queensland School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, has been using advanced microscopy to create three-dimensional computer models of the sperm of the Australian giant black tiger prawn—or Penaeus monodon​—a delicious high-quality species with distinctive stripes that turn red when cooked.

Black tiger prawns were first described in the 18th century and are a premium-priced product, growing to about 20cm long, compared with 10-12cm for more commonly farmed species​,” Feng said.

Although the seafood industry is a multi-billion dollar industry internationally, there’s a lot we still don’t understand about the basic biology of valuable prawns such as these​.

If we knew more we could probably improve the efficiency of prawn breeding in aquaculture​.”

Feng, whose research team published their findings in the Journal of Morphology​, said farmed prawns do not always mature well sexually in captivity, with the Asian prawn aquaculture industry having experienced significant setbacks from wild prawn diseases introduced by wild-caught brood stock.

The aquaculture industry has been going in Australia for five decades, but there is still a reliance on wild-caught prawn brood stock​,” he said.

Due to quarantine vigilance, Australia is fortunately free of serious prawn pathogens but our wild brood stock can be a vector for minor local diseases to enter farms​.”

On the other hand, domesticated brood stock can be grown under bio-secure conditions, though it is important that they are also as fertile as possible.

We’re hoping to improve the knowledge of prawn sperm production using advanced techniques to assess sperm damage, such as DNA fragmentation, which is a cause of infertility in other species​,” said Feng, adding that crustacean sperm are very different to mammal sperm.

Sperm have long swimming tails in mammals, but prawn sperm have no tails—they don’t move at all and look more like thumb tacks, and it’s an interesting mystery as to how the sperm gets into the egg​,” he said.

Feng has used a new scanning electron microscopy technique to gain powerful detailed views of prawn sperm cells, richly illustrating their composition.

Source:
Journal of Morphology
DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20518
Three-dimensional reconstruction of black tiger prawn (Penaeus monodon) spermatozoa using serial block-face scanning electron microscopy​.”
Authors: Tianyi Feng, Brian D. Paterson, Robyn Webb and Stephen D. Johnston.

Related topics Policy Oceania Supply chain Seafood

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